| Titre : | Effect of “La” and “Ba” Doping on the physical propeties of CuO thin films |
| Auteurs : | Amina Guesmia, Auteur ; Kenza Almi , Auteur |
| Type de document : | Monographie imprimée |
| Editeur : | Biskra [Algérie] : Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Khider, 2023 |
| Format : | 1vol(60) |
| Langues: | Français |
| Mots-clés: | CuO, thin films, sol-gel, spin-coating, baruim, properties, lanthanum. |
| Résumé : |
The present work is a comparative study between La, and Ba effect on the optical and electrical properties of CuO thin films at the following concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%). Samples were prepared using sol-gel via spin-coated technique on a glass substrate, visible and ultraviolet spectroscopy was employed to characterize the optical properties and the four probes method was used to characterize the electrical properties. The main results reveal that La dopant decreases the band gap of CuO to (2.09 eV) corresponds to 7% and improve the conductivity to 7.59 (Ω.cm)-1corresponds to 5% .while, Ba dopant decreases the band gap of CuO to (1.87 eV) corresponds to 7% and improve the conductivity to 8.36 (Ω.cm)-1corresponds to 9%. |
| Sommaire : |
Dedications Thank and acknowledgement List of figure…………………………………………………………………………….…....…I-II List of tabels…………………………………………………………………………….…….…III Symbols………………………………………………………………………………….……....IV General introductuion………………………………………………………….……….….......…1 Chapter I: Bibliographic research I.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..…......6 I .2. transparent conducting oxides……………………………………………………….....….....6 I .2.1 definition of transparent conducting oxide…………………………………………........6 I.2.2 the structure of transparent conducting oxides…………………………………………...6 I.2.2.1 Transparent conducting oxides in the intrinsic states………………………….........7 I.2.2.2 Transparent conducting oxides in the doped states………………………….……....7 I.2.3.characteristion of transparent conducting oxides………………………………….….......8 I.2.3.1 Electrical properties of transparent conducting oxides……………………………....8 I. 2.3.1.1. Electrical conductivity…………………………………………………..…..........9 I. 2.3.1.2. Sheet resistance…………………………………………………………...........…9 I. 2.3.1.3 Electrokinetic μ……………………………………………….……………….…..9 I. 2.3.2 Optical properties of transparent conducting oxides………………..…….….….....10 I. 2.3.2.1 Transmittance………………………………………………………..............…...10 I. 2.3.2.2 Reflectivitance………………………………………………............…....…...….10 I. 2.3.2.3 Absorption…………………………………………………………………….….10 I. 2.3.2.4 Absorbance coefficient…………………………………………….………......…11 I. 2.3.2.5 Band gap energy…………………………………………………………..…..….11 I.2.4 Applications of transparent conductive oxides……………………….…………….….....11 I.3 copper……………………………………………………………………….…………..…..…12 I.3.1 Metal Oxides……………………………………………………………………..….…....13 I.3.2 Copper oxide………………………………………………………………….….....….....13 I.3.2.1 physical properties of copper monoxide (Cu2O)……………………...……….….....13 I.3.2.2 Structural properties of copper monoxide…………………………………….…......13 I.3.2.3 Physical properties of copper demonoxide (CuO)…………………………….….....14 I.3.2.4 structural properties of copper demonoxide…………………………………………15 I.3.3 Comparison between copper oxide properties…………………………………..….….....15 I.3.4 copper oxide applications…………………………………………………………………16 I.4. doping copper oxide……………………………………………………………….………......16 I.4.1 Barium………………………………………………….……………………..………......16 I.4.2 Barium properties……………………………………………………………...……….....17 I.4.3 Previously study on barium…………………………………………………...………..…17 I.4.4 Lanthanum…………………………………………………………………………..…....17 I.4.5 Lanthanum properties………………………………………………….…………….....…18 I.4.6 Previously study on Lanthum………………………………………………………...…...18 I.5. The thin films………………………………………………………………………………….18 I.5.1.1 Chemical methods…………………………………………………………..……..…....19 I.5.1.1.1 Sol Gel Method………………………………………………………….........…....19 Spin coating…………………………………………………………………….....20 Dip coating………………………………………………………………..…….....21 I.5.1.1.2 Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)……………………….…………………….......21 I.5.1.1.3 Spray pyrolysis technique……………………………………….…………............23 TABLE OF CONTENTS VI I.5.1.2 Physical method……………………………………………………………..……….....23 I.5.1.2.1 Physical vapor deposition……………………………………………….……...…23 I.5.1.2.2 Thermal (or vacuum) evaporation………………………………………………...24 I.5.1.2.3 Catholytic spray…………………………………………………………...……....25 I.5.2 The principle of thin film deposition………………………………………...…………...25 I.6 Thin films growth mechanisms………………………………………………...……………...26 I.7 Stages of thin film growth…………………………………………………………..…………26 I.7.1 positioning phase…………………………………………………………………………26 I.7.2 docking phase…………………………………………………………………….………26 I.7.3 growth phase……………………………………………………………………..……….27 Chapter II: Experimental study and characterization techniques II.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………...29 II.2 Materials and Experimental Methods…………………………….…………………..............29 II.2.1 Material used in the experimental work………………..…………………………..........29 II.2.2 The chemical products used ………………………………..……………………...........30 II.3 Preparation of the Substrates………………………………………………………….............32 II.3.1 The choice of substrate………………………………………………...…………….......32 II.3.2 Cleaning of the substrate……………………………………………...……….…….......32 II.4 The solution’s preparation………………………………………………………..…..............33 II.4.1 Undoped CuO solution…………………………………………………………………..33 II.4.2 Doping solution ………………………………………………………………..………..33 II.4.3 Deposition by method spin coating……………………………...….………….…..........33 II.4.4 Annealing Thin Films………………………………………………………....……........34 II.5 Analysising Methods of the thin films………………………………………………….…….34 II.5.1 Optical properties………………….……………………………...……….…………….34 II.5.1.1 Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy…………………………………….……………..34 II.5.1.2 Determine the absorption coefficient……….…………………….………………...35 II.5.1.3 Determine the thickness of the samples………….…………….…………………...35 II.5.1.4 The extinction coefficient K…………………………..………………....................36 II.5.1.5 Refractive index n………………………………………….………….....................36 II.5.1.6 Determine the band gap………………………………………..…….……………..36 II.5.1.7 Determine the Urbach energy……………………………………..….…………….37 II.5.2 Electrical Characteristics…………………………………………………..…………….38 II.5.2.1 Four Probes Technology …………………………..……………………………….38 Chapter III: Result and discussion III.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..……41 III.2 Optical Properties………………………………………………………………….………....41 III.2.1 Transmittance…………………………………………………………………………...41 III.2.2 Band gap and Urbach energy…………………….……………………………………..42 III.3 Electrical Properties………………………………………………………………..………...48 References………………………………………………………………………..…………...…..50 General conclusion………………………………………………………..………………...……58 Abstract………………………………………………………………….……….…………...….60 |
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