| Titre : | Modélisation des environnements virtuels urbains dédiés à la simulation du mouvement des piétons. Modelling virtual urban environments dedicated to the simulation of pedestrian movement. |
| Auteurs : | Amina Bouguetitiche, Auteur ; Foudil Cherif, Directeur de thèse |
| Type de document : | Thése doctorat |
| Editeur : | Biskra [Algérie] : Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Khider, 2020 |
| Format : | 1 vol. (149 p.) / couv. ill. en coul / 30 cm |
| Langues: | Anglais |
| Mots-clés: | Wayfinding behaviour ; mental map ; modelling virtual environment ; autonomous agents ; space syntax ; cognitive science ; urban environment |
| Résumé : |
Although simulating pedestrian’s movement in urban environment is a challenging task, it has attracted the interest of researchers of different fields. In the urban planning context, movement simulation is used in the optimization of city design for ease of wayfinding and prediction of movement patterns. In wireless communication domain, predicted mobility patterns became crucial in network management optimization, allocation of critical resources and development of assisted navigation technologies. However, a realistic simulation of pedestrian wayfinding behaviour requires not only a precise modelling of human decision making process regarding strategies and heuristics applied, but also an efficient description of the spatial environment. We propose, in this thesis, a virtual urban environment model enriched by the information needed to produce realistic pedestrian movement simulation. This model describes the geometry, topology, and spatial configuration of the simulation environment. We also provide a path planning model that takes advantage of the enriched description of the environment to make virtual pedestrians show a certain behavioural realism, especially concerning their applied strategies and route choices, which are strongly affected by their familiarity with this environment. Therefore, we propose to endow each entity with a mental representation. However, our model allows creating and simultaneously managing many entities with low costs. All proposed models are inspired from spatial cognition and space syntax domains in order to achieve naturally pedestrian navigation. |
| Sommaire : |
List of figures ...................................................................................................................... IX List of tables......................................................................................................................XIV General Introduction...............................................................................................................1 Part I State of the art ...........................................................................................................6 Chapter I Human movement .............................................................................................7 I.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................7 I.2 Human movement, navigation and wayfinding .........................................................7 I.2.1 Human movement .............................................................................................7 I.2.2 Wayfinding .......................................................................................................8 I.2.3 Taxonomy of wayfinding tasks..........................................................................9 I.3 Mental representation of space ...............................................................................10 I.3.1 Conceptualisation of Space..............................................................................11 I.3.2 Scale of environment.......................................................................................11 I.3.3 Development of cognitive maps ......................................................................12 I.3.4 Graph-based models of space ..........................................................................14 I.3.5 Hierarchical Structure of Spatial Mental Representations ................................14 I.3.6 Experiential Hierarchies ..................................................................................14 I.4 Spatial reasoning and decision making ...................................................................14 I.4.1 Spatial cognition..............................................................................................15 I.4.2 Individual differences in the human wayfinding decision making process........15 I.4.3 Mechanisms, strategies and heuristics of route planning ..................................16 I.4.4 Decision levels ................................................................................................18 I.4.5 Perception of distance......................................................................................20 I.4.6 Factors influencing wayfinding .......................................................................20 I.4.7 Synthesis .........................................................................................................23 I.5 Conclusion .............................................................................................................24 Chapter II Spatial syntax and wayfinding .........................................................................25 II.1 Introduction............................................................................................................25 II.2 Space syntax theory................................................................................................25 II.3 Space syntax environmental model.........................................................................26 II.3.1 Space representation........................................................................................26 II.3.2 Distance ..........................................................................................................31 II.3.3 Notion of scale ................................................................................................31 II.4 Spatial configuration ..............................................................................................31 II.4.1 Space configuration analysis ...........................................................................32 II.4.2 Basic syntactic measures .................................................................................33 II.4.3 Isovist analysis ................................................................................................35 II.4.4 Angular analysis..............................................................................................36 II.4.5 Main application and objectives of space syntax analysis ................................36 II.5 Space syntax and wayfinding..................................................................................38 II.5.1 Space of navigation .........................................................................................38 II.5.2 Movement patterns prediction .........................................................................38 II.5.3 Models of motion flow prediction....................................................................39 II.5.4 Movement pattern characteristics ....................................................................41 II.5.5 Movement simulation architectures based on space syntax ..............................42 II.6 Conclusion .............................................................................................................43 Chapter III Modelling pedestrian movement......................................................................45 III.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................45 III.2 Approaches used to model pedestrian movements...............................................45 III.2.1 Macroscopic models........................................................................................45 III.2.2 Microscopic Models ........................................................................................46 III.3 Environmental Modelling ...................................................................................48 III.3.1 Spatial decomposition .....................................................................................48 III.3.2 Topological and semantic abstraction ..............................................................54 III.3.3 Informed Environment ....................................................................................55 III.3.4 Virtual geographic environment ......................................................................56 III.4 Cognitive maps ...................................................................................................58 III.4.1 Multi-Hierarchical Semantic Maps ..................................................................58 III.4.2 Absolute Space Representation and Memory for Immediate Surrounding ........59 III.4.3 Hierarchical cognitive map and human memory ..............................................61 III.5 Path planning and spatial behaviour ....................................................................62 III.5.1 Path planning algorithms .................................................................................62 III.5.2 Hierarchical Path Planning ..............................................................................64 III.5.3 Multiple criteria path planning.........................................................................65 III.6 Conclusion..........................................................................................................67 Discussion ............................................................................................................................69 Part II Contributions ..........................................................................................................73 Introduction..........................................................................................................................74 Chapter IV Virtual environment model and mental map model for pedestrian movement simulation 75 IV.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................75 IV.2 Proposed approach..............................................................................................75 IV.3 Informed virtual environment graph....................................................................76 IV.3.1 Input Data Selection ........................................................................................77 IV.3.2 Spatial decomposition .....................................................................................78 IV.3.3 Topological abstraction ...................................................................................80 IV.3.4 Informed graph................................................................................................82 IV.4 Mental map model ..............................................................................................85 IV.4.1 Mental map structure.......................................................................................86 IV.4.2 The mental map construction approach............................................................87 IV.4.3 Quantifying street prominence.........................................................................89 IV.4.4 The process of construction of the mental map ................................................91 IV.5 Conclusion..........................................................................................................94 Chapter V Simulation model of the pathfinding behaviour in familiar and unfamiliar environments95 V.1 Introduction............................................................................................................95 V.2 The pathfinding module..........................................................................................95 V.3 Access to environnemental information ..................................................................96 V.3.1 Direct perception.............................................................................................97 V.3.2 Access to the mental map ................................................................................98 V.4 Path planning algorithms ........................................................................................99 V.4.1 Incremental path planning ...............................................................................99 V.4.2 Multiple criteria route choice heuristic...........................................................102V.4.3 Path planning modes .....................................................................................105 V.4.4 Path planning in familiar environment ...........................................................105 V.4.5 Path planning in unfamiliar environment .......................................................110 V.4.6 Analysis and optimization of the evaluated path ............................................113 V.5 Conclusion and discussion....................................................................................114 Chapter VI Experiments and results.................................................................................116 VI.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................116 VI.2 The software architecture..................................................................................116 VI.2.1 The Informed Bucket Graph builder (IBG Builder)........................................117 VI.2.2 Crowd Simulator and Pathfinding Tester .......................................................118 VI.3 Running a simulation ........................................................................................119 VI.3.1 The simulation environnement preparation....................................................120 VI.3.2 Configuration of the simulation data..............................................................121 VI.3.3 Analysis and validation of results ..................................................................122 VI.4 Tests and Results ..............................................................................................125 VI.4.1 Test environments .........................................................................................125 VI.4.2 Scenarios of the different tests.......................................................................126 VI.4.3 Results ..........................................................................................................131 VI.4.4 Discussion.....................................................................................................135 VI.5 Conclusion........................................................................................................137 Conclusion and Perspective ................................................................................................13 bibliography |
| En ligne : | http://thesis.univ-biskra.dz/856/1/Inf_m10_2011.pdf |
Disponibilité (1)
| Cote | Support | Localisation | Statut |
|---|---|---|---|
| TINF/150 | Théses de doctorat | bibliothèque sciences exactes | Consultable |
