| Titre : | Biofuels from transesterification of used oils Mrs. |
| Auteurs : | Ziad Guerfi, Auteur ; Aissam Boukraa, Directeur de thèse |
| Type de document : | Monographie imprimée |
| Editeur : | Biskra [Algérie] : Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Khider, 2020 |
| Format : | 1 vol. (65 p.) / couv. ill. en coul. / 30 cm |
| Langues: | Anglais |
| Mots-clés: | Biofuels,Biodiesels,oils,vegetables oils,fatty acids,frying oils,gasoline,Transesterification |
| Résumé : |
A biofuel is a hydrocarbon that is made by a living organism that we humans can use to power something. They can be used for any purposes, but the main use for which they have to be brought is in the transportation sector. Biofuels are fuels that are derived from plant material such as soy oil or animal fats. Biodiesel is a liquid biofuel obtained by chemical processes from vegetable oils or animal fats and an alcohol that can be used in diesel engines. In this study, we focused on synthesis of biodiesel by transesterification process with mixing elio oil and each type of six types frying oils with amount of methanol and catalyst KOH. Elio oil contains with 20% of sunflower and 80% of Soybeans. The aim of this study is to reduce high viscosity of Elio oil by transesterification reaction and also showing major characterizations between biodiesel and gasoline according to ASTM and EN standards.
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| Sommaire : |
Thanks Dedications List of figures List of tables List of abbreviation Summary General Introduction 1 Chapter I: Biofuels I.1. A brief history 3 I.2. Biofuels 5 I.2.1. Definition 5 I.2.2. Major Types of biofuels 5 I.2.2.1. Bioethanol 5 I.2.2.2. Biobutanol 6 I.2.2.3. Biomethane 7 I.2.2.4. Biodiesel 7 I.3. Major methods of production for biofuels 9 I.3.1. Fermentation chemistry 9 I.3.2. General Transesterification 10 I.3.3. Transesterification of waste frying and cooking 10 I.3.4. General Esterification 11 I.3.5. ABE Fermentation to Biobutanol 11 I.4. Advantages 12 I.4.1. Cost 12 I.4.2. Easy to Source 13 I.4.3. Renewable 13 I.4.4. Reduce of greenhouse gases 13 I.4.5. Lower levels of pollution 14 I.4.5.1. CO2 and toxics emissions 14 I.4.5.2. Spills and Surface Contamination 14 I.4.5.3. Sulphur and Atmospheric Contamination 14 I.3. Gasoline, Diesel and Biodiesel comparison 15 I.3.1. Gasoline 15 I.3.1.1. Definition 15 I.3.1.2. Characterizations of Gasoline 15 I.3.2. Diesel fuels 15 I.3.2.1. Definition 15 I.3.2.2. Characterization of Diesel fuels 16 I.3.3. Biodiesel to be substitute energy for Gasoline and diesel 16 I.3.3.1. Biodiesel from triglycerides via Transesterification 16 I.3.3.2. Concluding remarks 17 Chapter II: Characterization of oils, used oils and frying oils II.1. Oils 18 II.1.1. Definition 18 II.1.2. Types of oils 18 II.1.2.1. Vegetables oils 18 II.1.2.1.1. Soybean oils 20 II.1.2.1.2. Olive oils 21 II.1.2.1.3. Palm oils 22 II.1.2.2. Non-edible oils 23 II.1.3. Characteristics of oils 25 II.1.3.1. Physical characteristics 25 II.1.3.2. Chemical characteristics 25 II.2. Used oils 25 II.2.1. Definition 25 II.2.2. Recycled used oils 26 II.3. Frying oils as a special used oil 27 II.3.1. Definition 27 II.3.2. Chemistry of frying oils 28 II.3.2.1. Quality change of oils and products28 II.3.2.2. Chemical changes involved in thermal degradation of oils 29 II.3.2.2.1. Hydrolysis 29 II.3.2.2.2. Oxidation 30 II.3.2.2.3. Polymerization 30 II.03.03. Factors affecting frying oil quality 31 II.3.3.1. Fatty acid composition 31 II.3.3.2. Frying conditions 32 II.3.3.3. Oxygen 32 II.3.3.4. Water 32 II.3.3.5. Minor components32 Chapter III: Experimental and Practical Studies III.1. Materials and products 33 III.2. Physical and chemical Characterization 34 III.2.1. Acid index 34 III.2.2. Refraction index 35 III.2.3. Viscosity measurement 36 III.2.4. Density calculation 37 III.3. Characteristics by FT-IR Spectroscopy 38 III.3.1. Introduction 38 III.3.2. Definition and Principe 38 III.3.3. the Sample Analysis Process 38 III.3.4. Region of IR 39 III.4. Biodiesel’s protocol of synthesis 39 III.4.1. Introduction of our oils 39 III.4.2. Brute formula of the corresponding triglyceride 40 III.4.3. Calculating masses of chemical reagents for biodiesel synthesis40 III.4.4. Synthesis of Biodiesel 41 III.4.4.1. Reaction Transesterification 41 III.4.4.2. Decantation step with separation of phases 43 III.4.4.3. Washing up step 43 III.4.4.4. Distillation step 44 III.4.5. Characteristics of Biodiesel45 III.4.6. Tests for Biodiesels 46 III.4.6.1. Miscibility test46 III.4.6.2. Flammability test 46 Chapter IV: Discussion of Results IV.1. Introduction and study of oils 47 IV.1.1. Different types of marketed oils in Algeria47 IV.1.2. Characterization of new oil from brand Elio by IR-FT Spectroscopy 48 IV.2. Physico-chemical study of oils and frying oils49 IV.2.1. Results from frying oil process 49 IV.2.2. Physico-chemical characterization by indexes for new oil and frying oils49 IV.2.3. Comparison to recent analyses of physical chemical characteristics for oils and frying oils 52 IV.3. Physico-chemical study of biodiesel54 IV.3.1. Biodiesel, Transesterification and its challenges 54 IV.3.2. Physico-chemical characterization by indexes for types of biodiesel54 IV.3.3. Comparison with recent analyses of physical chemical characteristics for Biodiesel 58 IV.4. Comparison between types of oils and types of biodiesels59 IV.4.1. Acid index 59 IV.4.2. Density index 60 IV.4.3. Viscosity index 60 IV.4.4. Refraction index 61 IV.5. Opinions and researches about biodiesel in Algeria 62 General Conclusion 65 Annexes Bibliography Abstract |
Disponibilité (1)
| Cote | Support | Localisation | Statut |
|---|---|---|---|
| MCH/446 | Mémoire master | bibliothèque sciences exactes | Consultable |
