| Titre : | Solidification |
| Auteurs : | Daring J.A, Auteur ; Rappas M, Auteur |
| Type de document : | Monographie imprimée |
| Editeur : | EPFL PRESS, 2009 |
| ISBN/ISSN/EAN : | 978-0-8493-8238-3 |
| Format : | 1 vol. (XI-621 p.) / ill., couv. ill. en coul / 25 cm |
| Langues: | Français |
| Sommaire : |
PRÉFACE NOMENCLATURE AND D.IME_NSIONLESS.GROUPS 1 OVERVLEW 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1 Organization of the text 4 1.2 Solidification processes 1.2.1 Shape casting 5 1.2.2 Continuous and semi-continuous casting 1.2.3 Crystal growth processes 16 1.2.4 Welding 1.3 SUMIllary 22 1.4 References 22 Fundamentals and Macroscale Phenomena 2 THERMODYNAMICS 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Thermodynannes of onary systems 2.2.1 Single phase systems 2.2.2 EquiIibrium of phases 2,3 Binary alloys 2.3.1 Thermodynamics of a single phase solution 2,3.2 Ideal and regular solutionQ, 2.3.3 Equilibrium of two phases 2.3.4 Multi-component alloys and Gibbs' phase raie 2.4 Departure from equilibrium 2.4.1 Interfacial equilibrium 2.4,2 Truc departure from equilibrium 2.5 Sumrnary . .. . ... . 2.6 Exercises 2.7 References viii 'Contents 3 PHASE DIAGRAMS 69 3.1 Mol ivati on 69 3.2 Binary systems 70 3.2.1 Isomorphous systems: preliminary concepts 71 3.2.2 Isomorphous systems: construction from Gibbs free energy curves 75 3.2.3 Eutectic systems 78 3.2.4 Peritectic systems 83 3.2.5 Other binary systems . 84 3.2.6 Calculation of binary alloy phase diagrams 86 3.3 Ternary systems 90 3.3.1 Ternary isomorphous systems 91 3.2.2 Ternary three-phase equilibriurri 95 3,3.3 Ternary four-phase equilibrium; ternary eutectic 99 3.4 Suramary 102 3.5 Exerci ses 102 3.6 References 104 4 BALANCE EQUATIONS 105 4.1 Introduction 105 4.1.1 Reference frames and definitions 105 4,1.2 Contrai vol Lunes 109 4.2 Mass balance 114 4.3 IVIornentum balance 119 4.3.1 Linear elastic solid's 122 4.3.2 Plastic defarmation 123 4.3.3 Nevv-tonian fluids 127 4.3.4 Average farm of the momentum balance 127 4.4 Energy balance 132 4.5 Sainte balance in multicomponent systems 137 4.6 Scaling . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . 141 4.7 Surntnary . . .... 148 4.8 Exercices 148 4.9 Referai:tees ..... . . . . .. 150 ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR. SOLIDIFICATION 151 5.1 Introduction 151 5,2 Solidification in a superheated melt 151 5.2.1 Pure materials 151 5.2.2 Planar front solidification of a binary alloy . ..... 158 5.2.2 Transient solidification of a binary alloy at constant velocity 164 5.3 Solidification in an undercooIed malt 172 5.3.1 Planar front growth 172 5.3.2 Solidification of a paraboloid 177 5.4 The affect of curvature . . 182 5.4.1 Solidification of a sphere in an undercooled malt . . 182 5.5 Sum►ary and conclusions 186 5.6 5.7 Exercises References 187 . 190 6 NUMERICAL METHODS FOR SOLIDIFICATION 191 6.1 Introduction 191 6.2 Heat conduction without phase change 192 6.2,1 Finite difference method 192 6.2.2 Milite volume method 199 6.2.3 Finite element method 202 6.3 Heat conduction with phase change 209 6.3:1 Fixed grid: Enthalpy methoda 209 6.3.2 Fixed grid Temperature recovery methods 215 6.3.3 Front tracking methods 216 6.3.4 Level set rnethods . . . . . . .......... 220 Fluid flow 222 6.4,1 Finite difference method ou staggered grids 224 6.4.2 Finite element methods for CleD 228 6A.3 -Example: Melting of pure Ga . . . .... , 230 6.5 Optimization and inverse methods 233 6.6 Surnmazy ... . . 240 6.7 Exercises 241 6.8 References 244 II Microstructure 245 7 NUCLEATION 249' 7.1 Introduction 249 7.2 Horuogeneous mtclea don 249 7.2.1 Embryos and nuclei 249 7.2.2 Nucleation rate 253 7.3 Heterogeneous nucleation 258 7.3.1 Motivation 268 7.32 Basic: théory 267 7,3.a Instantaneous or atherrnal nucleation 268 7.4 Mechanisms for grain refinement 276 7.5 Sunirnary 281 7.6 Exercises 282 7.7 References 284 8 DENDRITIC GROWTI-I 287 hitroduction 287 (il Free growth 287 8.2.1 General observations 287 8.2.2 Stability and scale selection for a freely growing sphere of a pare material 293 8.2.3 Extension to binary alloys 298 13 DEFORMATION DURING- SOLIDIFICATION AND FroT TEM:MG 519 13_1 Introduction 519 13.2 Thermornechanics of castings 520 13.2.1 Origins of thermal stresses , 520 13,2.2 General formalism for a fully solid material 523 13.2.3 Exemples 524 13.3 Deformation of the musby zone 528 13.3.1 Rheological measurernents on serai-solid alloys 530 13.3.2 Coherency 538 13.3.3 Two-phase approach 542 13,4 Hot tearing 546 13.4,1 Characteristics of bot tears 546 13.4,2 Hot tearing tests and hot tear sensitivity 551 13.5 Hot tearing criteria and models 554 13..6 Sununary 561 13.7 Exorcises 562 13.8 References 563 14 MACROSEGREGATION 567 14.1 Introduction 567 14.2 Maerosegregation during planai. front solidification 56,9 14.2.1 Thermal convection in a pure material 569 14.2.2 Convection during direction& Solidification of a binary alloy 571 14.3 Composition field and governing equations 575 14.4 IVIaerosegregation induced by solidification shrinkage . 578 14.4.1 Initial solidification Ett the mold surface . 579 14.4.2 Steady statu 580 14.4.3 Final transient 581 14.5 Macrosegragation induced by fluid flow 583 14.5.1 Analysis based on Flernings' criterion 583 14.5.2 General approach 585 14.5.3 Preckle formation 589 14.6 Macrosegregation induced by solid movement 594 14.6.1 Macrosegtegation induced by grain movement . 595 14.6.2 Macrosegrega.tion induced by solid deformation 597 14.7 Suramary 603 14.8 Exercises 603 14.9 References 606 INDEX 609 |
Disponibilité (1)
| Cote | Support | Localisation | Statut |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH/256 | Livre | bibliothèque sciences exactes | Consultable |
